| 【行业新闻】科学仪器揭露电子烟健康背后的安全隐患 |
| 信息来源： 西安仪表制造 | 2019-05-07 点击量： 5887 |
禁烟范围从室内延伸到室外、电子烟纳入禁烟范围、违规吸烟不再劝阻而是直接罚款、学校出入口50米内不可销售烟草制品……四条规定一出，深圳市成为国内又一个严格禁烟并且明确表示禁电子烟的城市。而在此之前，香港和杭州也相继宣布禁止电子烟。
The scope of smoking ban extends from indoor to outdoor,electronic cigarettes are included in the scope of smoking ban,illegal smoking is no longer discouraged but directly fined,and tobacco products can not be sold within 50 meters of school entrance and exit.As a result of the four regulations,Shenzhen has become another city in China which strictly prohibits smoking and expressly prohibits electronic smoking.Before that,Hong Kong and Hangzhou have also announced the ban on electronic cigarettes.
3·15晚会上演“绝望6分钟”电子烟被拉下健康风口
"Despair 6 Minutes"Electronic Cigarette Pulled Down the Healthy Vent at the 3.15 Party
此次深圳拟出台的禁烟令，不禁让人联想到今年315晚会上电子烟的“绝望6分钟”。节目指出，电子烟会释放有害物，危害吸烟者和被动吸烟人群的健康，并且长期吸食电子烟同样会产生对尼古丁的依赖。同时，有些电子烟的烟液中还含有甲醛、丙二醇、甘油等物质。前不久，美国福克斯新闻就曾曝出，用来戒烟的电子烟可能含有细菌和真菌毒素。世界卫生组织还提出，电子烟产生的二手烟已经成为一种新的环境污染源，向空气中排放PM1.0、PM2.5等气溶胶颗粒。
The proposed smoking ban in Shenzhen is reminiscent of the"six minutes of despair"of electronic cigarettes at this year's 315 party.The program points out that electronic cigarettes can release harmful substances,endanger the health of smokers and passive smokers,and long-term smoking of electronic cigarettes can also lead to nicotine dependence.At the same time,some electronic cigarette smoke also contains formaldehyde,propylene glycol,glycerol and other substances.Not long ago,Fox News reported that electronic cigarettes used to quit smoking may contain bacteria and mycotoxins.The World Health Organization also proposed that the second-hand smoke generated by electronic smoke has become a new source of environmental pollution,which emits PM1.0,PM2.5 aerosol particles into the air.
这一波“点名”直接揭下了各大商家为电子烟贴上的“健康”标签，也将这一新行业结结实实拉下了风口。事实上，即便没有这些主流媒体和组织的“点名”，本身就处于乱象之中的电子烟行业也会迎来一波整改。目前市面上的电子烟产品价格从十几元到上千元不等，没有任何购买限制，即便是青少年也可以轻易获得。然而，对于这个没有明确规范的新型产品，消费者很难分辨真假好坏，无从得知制造商究竟在里面加了什么，是否存在危害健康的违禁物质。
This wave of"roll call"has directly unveiled the"health"label of electronic cigarettes affixed by major merchants,and has also brought the new industry down.In fact,even without the"roll call"of these mainstream media and organizations,the electronic cigarette industry itself is in a chaotic situation and will usher in a wave of rectification.At present,the price of electronic cigarette products on the market varies from more than a dozen yuan to over a thousand yuan,without any purchase restrictions,even teenagers can easily get it.However,for this new product without clear regulation,it is difficult for consumers to distinguish the true from the false,to know what the manufacturer actually added to it,and whether there are prohibited substances harmful to health.
电子烟监管处于真空地带科学仪器敲响安全警钟
Electronic smoke supervision in vacuum zone sounds safety alarm by scientific instruments
据悉，国内还没有正式颁布电子烟的国家标准，可以说还存在较大的监管真空地带。市面上各类产品质量参差不齐，很可能存在各类安全隐患，亟需科学仪器予以规范。
It is reported that the national standards for electronic cigarettes have not yet been formally promulgated in China,so it can be said that there is still a large regulatory vacuum zone.The quality of all kinds of products on the market is uneven,and there may be various potential safety hazards.It is urgent to standardize scientific instruments.
一般电子烟主要由盛放尼古丁溶液的烟管、蒸发装置和电池三大部分组成。之所以会呈现如同真烟一般吞云吐雾的效果，就是因为电子烟将雾化器作为蒸发装置，把液态的尼古丁转化为雾气。然而，问题的关键就出在尼古丁液体，也就是烟油上。此前普遍认为，电子烟的烟油不含危及健康的焦油、一氧化碳等物质，但是它依然含有尼古丁、甲醛等物质。要知道，一次性吸入过量尼古丁会危及性命，长期吸食会使人上瘾，容易引起癌症、高血压、冠心病、肺气肿等多种疾病。而甲醛不用多说，一直都是公认的致癌物。
In general,electronic cigarette is mainly composed of smoke pipe,evaporation device and battery which hold nicotine solution.The reason for this effect is that the electronic smoke uses the atomizer as an evaporator to convert liquid nicotine into mist.However,the key to the problem lies in the nicotine liquid,that is,fume.Previously,it was generally believed that the smoke of electronic cigarette does not contain tar,carbon monoxide and other substances that endanger health,but it still contains nicotine,formaldehyde and other substances.You know,one-time inhalation of excessive nicotine can endanger life,long-term addiction can lead to cancer,hypertension,coronary heart disease,emphysema and other diseases.Formaldehyde,needless to say,has always been recognized as a carcinogen.
采用气相色谱仪、液质联用仪或者气质联用仪等分析仪器，可以有效检测烟油中所含的尼古丁含量。由于电子烟排放的尼古丁也会对环境造成污染，因此还需要测定吸食后空气中的尼古丁浓度。凭借重现性好、检测精度高、速度较快等优势，高效液相色谱可以很好地用于这一项目的测定。此外，对于使用电子烟的人群，高效液相色谱也可以通过测定他们尿液、唾液和头发中尼古丁的含量，判断其受到电子烟的影响程度。
Nicotine content in fume can be effectively detected by gas chromatography,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Because nicotine emitted from electronic cigarettes can also pollute the environment,it is necessary to determine nicotine concentration in the air after smoking.With the advantages of good reproducibility,high detection accuracy and fast speed,high performance liquid chromatography can be well used for the determination of this item.In addition,for people who use electronic cigarettes,high performance liquid chromatography can also determine the extent of the impact of electronic cigarettes by measuring the content of nicotine in their urine,saliva and hair.
那么，令人闻风丧胆的甲醛又应该如何检测呢？滴定法、重量法、比色法、气相色谱法和液相色谱法等定量分析方法较为适用。比如测定甲醛的经典方法就是比色法，可用紫外可见光吸收分光光度计测定，满足分析极限、准确度和重现性方面的要求。近年来，气相色谱、液相色谱等方法也广泛应用于实际样品中甲醛的测定，有着操作简便、结果准确等优点。
So,how should we detect the disgusting formaldehyde?Quantitative analysis methods such as titration,gravimetry,colorimetry,gas chromatography and liquid chromatography are more suitable.For example,the classical method for the determination of formaldehyde is colorimetry,which can be determined by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometer to meet the requirements of analysis limit,accuracy and reproducibility.In recent years,gas chromatography,liquid chromatography and other methods have been widely used in the determination of formaldehyde in practical samples,with the advantages of simple operation and accurate results.
除了含有尼古丁、甲醛等有害物的烟油，电子烟中使用的棉芯也成为新的关注点。上文曾提到，市面上现存的电子烟产品存在细菌和真菌毒素污染等问题，其潜在污染源可能就是电子烟使用的棉芯等棉纤维物质。当使用者使用电子烟的时候，很有可能会接触到这些污染物，吸入有害物质。因此，检查电子烟产品质量也应该考虑这一问题。据已知资料，ATP生物发光法可以快速检测菌落总数，以评价电子烟的卫生情况。
In addition to smoke oil containing harmful substances such as nicotine and formaldehyde,the cotton core used in electronic cigarettes has also become a new concern.As mentioned above,the existing electronic cigarette products on the market are contaminated by bacteria and mycotoxins.The potential source of contamination may be cotton fibers such as cotton core used in electronic cigarettes.When users use electronic cigarettes,they are likely to be exposed to these pollutants and inhale harmful substances.Therefore,the quality of electronic cigarette products should also be considered.According to known data,ATP bioluminescence method can quickly detect the total number of bacterial colonies to evaluate the health status of electronic cigarettes.
当然，电子烟存在的质量问题不止于此，雾化器损坏引起的漏油、干烧等现象较为普遍，烟油所含成分依然有待科学仪器进一步分析。至少，过去一句简单的“不含焦油、一氧化碳，尼古丁不致癌”已经无法撑起消费者对电子烟的信任。站在健康和环保的角度，小编依然希望能有更多人加入到支持禁烟的行列中。建议从未吸过烟的朋友们，尤其是青少年群体，不要因为好奇或者跟风而去接触电子烟。“老烟民”也别以为电子烟无害，要想健康还是早日戒烟吧。
Of course,the quality problems of electronic smoke are not limited to this.Oil leakage and dry burning caused by atomizer damage are common.The composition of fume still needs further analysis by scientific instruments.At least,the simple phrase"No tar,no carbon monoxide,no carcinogenic nicotine"has failed to build consumer confidence in e-cigarettes.From the point of view of health and environmental protection,Xiaobian still hopes that more people will join in supporting the anti-smoking campaign.It is recommended that friends who have never smoked,especially teenagers,do not contact electronic cigarettes because they are curious or follow the trend."Old smokers"should not think that electronic cigarettes are harmless.If you want to be healthy,you should quit smoking as soon as possible.
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